银监会有关负责人就颁布《汽车金融公司管理办法》答记者问

监管政策零壹财经 · 银监会 2003-10-03 阅读：4074

关键词：管理办法 答记者问 汽车金融公司 银监会

中国银监会有关负责人就《汽车金融公司管理办法》的颁布实施回答了记者的提问。

银监会有关负责人就颁布《汽车金融公司管理办法》答记者问
(English version available)
2003年10月3日，经国务院批准，业监督管理委员会颁布第4号令《汽车金融公司管理办法》（以下简称《办法》）。《办法》的颁布与实施，将对我国更好地履行入世承诺，促进汽车消费信贷市场的开放与规范发展产生重要的影响。日前，中国银监会有关负责人就《汽车金融公司管理办法》的颁布实施回答了记者的提问。

问：汽车金融公司是类什么机构？
答：汽车金融公司是从事汽车消费信贷业务并提供相关汽车金融服务的专业机构，国外有近百年历史。通常，汽车金融公司隶属于较大的汽车工业集团，成为向消费者提供汽车消费服务的重要组成部分。有的国家将此类机构作为金融机构管理，有的国家只作为一般工商企业管理。我国现行法规规定，消费信贷是金融业务，只有金融机构才可办理。因此，《办法》明确规定，汽车金融公司是为中国境内的汽车购买者及销售者提供贷款的非银行金融企业法人。其有三层含义：首先，汽车金融公司是一类非银行金融机构，而不是一般的汽车类企业，第二，汽车金融公司专门从事汽车贷款业务，其业务不同于银行和其他类非银行金融机构。第三，其服务对象确定为中国大陆境内的汽车购买者和销售者。汽车购买者包括自然人和法人及其他组织；汽车销售者是指专门从事汽车销售的经销商，不包括汽车制造商和其他形式的销售者。

问：为什么新设立这种机构？
答：设立汽车金融公司，是我国履行入世承诺的需要，也是培育和促进汽车消费信贷市场公平竞争、健康发展的要求。
我国加入世贸组织时承诺，允许设立非银行金融机构开展汽车消费信贷业务，这表明，我国已完全开放汽车消费信贷市场，并允许开展汽车消费信贷业务的主体可以是内资、中外合资或外资非银行金融机构。
我国的汽车消费信贷市场与国外相比，起步晚，已经从事汽车消费信贷业务的主要是商业银行车企业集团财务公司，现有的非银行金融机构如信托公司、金融租赁公司及其他财务公司均不具备专业办理汽车消费信贷的要求。近年来，我国个人汽车消费贷款呈猛增态势，2002年比1998年增长了286倍。但相对于汽车消费市场的发展速度，现有贷款规模远不能满足需要，通过贷款销售出去的汽车占新车销售总额的比例不足20%，与国外的70%相距甚远。为履行入世承诺，加强对非银行金融机构开展汽车消费信贷业务的规范管理，有必要在我国金融机构序列中增加一类新的机构----汽车金融公司，专门办理汽车消费信贷业务。开办此类业务，将对完善服务，促进消费，适应汽车流通体系的发展，推动我国全面进入小康社会产生积极影响。

问：《办法》的主要内容是什么？
答：《办法》是依法监管的依据，也是汽车金融公司依法经营的保障。《办法》内容的规定，既要体现监管的要求，又要满足业务经营的合理需要。这个办法自2001年下半年开始起草，起草过程中广泛征求了中外各有关方面的意见，中外各有关方面对此十分关注，并踊跃提出建议。集各方合理意见，银监会对《办法》的内容，特别是存在较大分歧的意见进行了反复研究与修改，提高了《办法》制定的科学性和合理性。
《办法》主要从汽车金融公司的市场准入条件、业务范围和监督管理及法律责任等方面作出规定。《办法》分五章共42条。第一章为总则。明确立法依据、汽车金融公司功能定位和负责监管机构。第二章为机构的设立、变更与终止。主要包括：出资人资格要求、机构设立条件，机构筹建、开业及变更事项的报批和机构终止等规定。第三章为业务范围和监督管理。明确汽车金融公司可开办的业务有8项，并就有关业务管理提出要求。如汽车金融公司向自然人发放购车贷款应符合有关个人汽车贷款管理办法的规定；向法人或其他组织发放汽车贷款应按照《贷款通则》等有关规定执行。其业务涉及外汇及外债管理的，按国家外汇管理部门的相关规定办理等。第四章为法律责任。对汽车金融公司违规设立以及违规经营的行为作出具体处罚规定。第五章为附则。明确《办法》适用于香港特别行政区、澳门特别行政区和台湾地区投资者在内地设立的汽车金融公司。

问：汽车金融公司设立的主要条件是什么？
答：按照入世承诺要求，汽车金融公司的市场开放对出资设立汽车金融公司的股东身份不作限制，而且对中外方股东一视同仁，充分体现国民待遇原则和参与的广泛性。这将有助于吸引国内外资金，分享我国金融服务开放和汽车消费信贷业务发展所带来的收益。另一方面，由于主要是服务于汽车企业，《办法》中特别规定了主要出资人的内容。按照金融行业监管的要求和审慎性原则，《办法》对设立汽车金融公司提出了必要的资质要求。
一是出资人应具备的条件主要包括：（1）出资人应为中国境内外依法设立的企业法人。其中：非金融企业其最近一年的总资产不低于40亿元人民币或等值的自由兑换货币，年营业收入不低于20亿元人民币或等值的自由兑换货币。非银行金融机构其注册资本不低于3亿元人民币或等值的自由兑换货币。（2）出资人经营业绩良好，最近3年连续盈利。（3）主要出资人须为汽车企业、非银行金融机构。这里所讲的汽车企业是指以生产、销售汽车整车为最终产品的企业；所讲的主要出资人是指出资数额最多且出资额不低于拟设汽车金融公司全部股本30%的出资人。
需说明的是，按照入世承诺有关内容要求和我国《商业银行法》的有关规定，这里的企业法人不包括国内外银行机构。
二是所设立的汽车金融公司应当具备的条件主要包括：（1）汽车金融公司注册资本的最低限额为 5亿元人民币或等值的自由兑换货币。注册资本为实缴货币资本。（2）具有符合《公司法》等相关法律和本办法要求的章程。（3）具有熟悉汽车融资及相关业务的高级管理人员。（4）具有健全的组织机构、管理制度和风险控制制度。（5）具有与业务经营相适应的营业场所、安全防范措施和其他设施等其他条件。

问：汽车金融公司的主要业务是什么？
答：《办法》规定，经中国银监会批准，汽车金融公司可以从事以下部分或全部的业务：（1）接受境内股东单位3个月以上期限的存款；（2）提供购车贷款业务；(3)办理汽车经销商采购车辆贷款和营运设备贷款（包括展示厅建设贷款和零配件贷款以及维修设备贷款等）；(4)转让和出售汽车贷款应收款业务；(5)向金融机构借款；（6）为贷款购车提供担保；（7）与购车融资活动相关的代理业务；（8）经中国银行业监督管理委员会批准的其他信贷业务等。
与国外同类机构开展的业务相比，现阶段《办法》对汽车金融公司的业务范围作出了适当限制，所允许开办的业务限于汽车金融公司的基本业务，这是根据我国目前汽车消费信贷市场尚处于刚刚起步阶段，缺乏相应的业务风险控制和金融监管经验的实际而作出的现实选择。国外汽车金融公司也是经过近百年的发展，逐步形成了业务范围广、全能化金融服务的特点。随着市场发展需要和业务规模的扩大，中国银监会将视业务品种需求和金融监管状况，逐步扩大汽车金融业务范围。这样做，有利于控制业务风险，减少开办业务的盲目性。

问：对这类机构加强金融监管的要求有哪些？
答：《办法》在汽车金融公司的市场准入、业务管理与风险控制、高级管理人员任职资格以及处置风险措施等方面都提出了监管要求。（1）机构设立的要求。除规定出资人资格、机构设立条件外，对机构设立的申报资料提出具体要求并予以严格审查。明确机构设立须经过筹建和开业两个阶段，筹建期内不得以汽车金融公司名义从事经营活动。汽车金融公司不得设立分支机构。
（2）业务管理与风险控制的监管要求。主要包括：对汽车金融公司实行资本总额与风险资产比例控制管理，要求资本充足率不得低于10%。公司要建立、健全各项业务管理制度与内控制度以及建立定期外部审计制度等。（3）对其高管人员实行任职资格核准或备案制度。公司董事长、总经理及副总经理、执行董事和财务总监等的任职资格应报经中国银监会审查核准。
为保证金融监管的有效性，中国银监会将制定《办法》实施细则，着重从机构设立程序、各类资产风险监控指标、业务管理要求和高级管理人员任职管理及强化监督检查措施等方面对《办法》进行细化，提出更为具体的监管要求，确保《办法》的有效实施。

问：公众应如何增强风险防范和自我保护意识？
答：汽车金融公司作为提供汽车消费信贷的专业机构，它的出现，将为公众购车融资提供更多的选择和便利。同时也将促进汽车消费信贷市场的竞争。在目前社会信用状况和市场秩序有待改善的情况下，公众在寻求购车贷款过程中，要有风险防范和自我保护意识。一是自觉抵制非法设立机构非法开办汽车贷款业务的行为。《办法》明确规定，未经中国银行业监督管理委员会批准，任何单位和个人不得擅自设立汽车金融公司或者变相从事汽车金融业务,不得在机构名称中擅自使用“汽车金融”、“汽车信贷”等表明从事汽车金融业务的字样。二是自觉抵制可能出现的违反国家利率政策和《办法》及有关规定，擅自降低利率、超范围开展业务等恶性竞争行为。这样做，有助于监督汽车金融公司合法合规经营业务，也是对公众自身合法权益的最好保护。

Answers of a CBRC official to questions raised by the press concerning the promulgation of the Administrative Rules Governing Auto Financing Company

Following the approval of the State Council, the Administrative Rules Governing Auto Financing Company (hereinafter referred to as the Rules) is promulgated by China Banking Regulatory Commission (hereinafter referred to as the CBRC) on October 3, 2003 in the form of the CBRC Order. The formulation and implementation of the Rules signify China’s WTO commitments, and will contribute to the opening-up and a sound development of China’s auto financing market. The answers of a senior CBRC official to the questions raised by the press concerning the promulgated Rules are as follows.

Question : What category of institutions does an auto financing company fall into?
Answer: An auto financing company (hereinafter referred to as the AFC) is a specialized business entity that provides loans for auto sales and engages in other related financial business activities. Having been in operation for nearly a hundred years outside China, an AFC is usually affiliated to a large automobile group and provide auto financing services for automobile buyers. An AFC is considered a financial institution in some countries, while in other countries a commercial entity. China’s existing laws and regulations provide that the consumer loan business falls into the category of financial businesses and therefore shall be conducted by financial institutions. In this respect, the Rules stipulates that an AFC is a non-bank financial institution that provides loans to both auto buyers and dealers in the mainland of China. This provision is interpreted as follows. First, an AFC is a non-bank financial institution, not a commercial entity in auto business. Second, an AFC specializes in auto loan business, and therefore is different from banks and other non-bank financial institutions in the scope of business. Third, an AFC provides services to both auto buyers and auto dealers in the mainland of China. The auto buyers include both natural persons and legal entities and other organizations, while auto dealers refer to the entities specialized in auto sales. The auto manufacturers and the dealers in other business areas are not included in the category of auto dealers.

Question : Why dose China introduce the AFCs?
Answer: The introduction of the AFCs is in line with China’s WTO commitments and is intended for promoting a healthy development of and fair competition in China’s auto financing market.
Upon entry into the WTO, China was committed to allowing the establishment of non-bank financial institutions to provide auto financing services. This marks a complete opening of China’s auto financing market in which non-bank financial institutions, whether domestic, Sino-foreign joint-stock or solely foreign-owned, are the credit providers.

In comparison with a mature oas market, China’s auto financing market is still in its early stage. For the time being, the major credit providers in the Chinese market are commercial banks and finance companies affiliated to automobile groups, while the non-bank financial institutions including trust companies, financial leasing companies and other kinds of finance companies are not qualified to provide auto loan business. In fact, the volume of loans to individual auto buyers has been growing dramatically over the recent years with the volume in 2002 being 286 times that of 1998. Nevertheless, the existing volume still can not meet the needs of auto buyers, which is reflected in the fact that only less than 20 percent of auto sales are financed with loans, far less than the average 70 percent in a mature foreign market. In order to fulfill its WTO commitments and strengthen the management of auto financing services provided by non-bank financial institutions, China recognizes the necessity to include a new type of specialized institutions in the category of financial institutions, namely auto financing companies, to provide specialized auto financing services. The approach will contribute to the improvement of services, the promotion of auto purchase and the development of the auto industry, and therefore play a positive role in building up a well-off society in China.

Question : What is the main content of the Rules?
Answer: The Rules both serves as a supervisory guidance and provides legal protection for the legitimate business operations of an AFC. Accordingly, the Rules not only responds to the supervisory needs but also addresses the reasonable business needs. The drafting of the Rules started in the second half of 2001 and attracted the attention both at home and abroad. The final version of the Rules came as a result of wide-ranged consultations and numerous revisions of drafts, which aimed at ensuring the quality of the Rules.

Containing 5 chapters with 42 articles, the Rules mainly specifies the conditions for an AFC’s market-entry, business scope, supervisory requirements and legal liabilities. Chapter 1 “General Provisions” clarifies the objective of the Rules, functions of an AFC, and the assignment of the regulatory authority. Chapter 2 “Incorporation, Change and Termination” specifies the qualification requirements of an AFC’s investors, conditions for the company’s establishment and termination, the preparation and handling of business commencement, and the application procedures for changes. Chapter 3 “Business Scope and Supervision” sets forth the eight business lines that an AFC is permitted to engage in and the supervisory requirements for an AFC’s business management. For instance, when providing auto financing services for a natural person, an AFC shall comply with relevant regulations governing the auto loans to individual buyers. When providing auto financing services for a corporate legal entity or other organizations, an AFC shall comply with relevant provisions set forth by General Provisions of Loans. When its auto financing business involves foreign exchange transactions or foreign debts, an AFC shall observe relevant rules and regulations promulgated by State Administration of Foreign Exchange. Chapter 4 “Legal Liabilities” specifies the identification of and penalties on non-compliance behaviors of an AFC. Chapter 5 “Supplementary Provisions” clarifies that the Rules is applicable to all AFCs incorporated in the mainland of China funded by investors from Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, Macao Special Administrative Region and Taiwan province.

Question: What are the main conditions for the establishment of an AFC?
Answer: In accordance with China’s WTO commitments, China’s auto financing market shall be opened with no restrictions imposed on the capacity of the shareholders of an AFC, and with both local and foreign shareholders being equally treated. This arrangement will help attract capital from both domestic and foreign investors, and enable the investors to share the benefits brought by an opened financial market and improved auto financing services in China. On the other hand, to embody the prudential principles and the supervisory requirements, the Rules sets out the qualifications of an AFC and its investors, in particular, the largest investor.

First, a qualified investor of an AFC shall satisfy a number of requirements. (1) The investor shall be a corporate entity incorporated either in or outside China. This entity can be either a non-financial enterprise or a non-bank financial institution. If the entity is a non-financial enterprise, it shall have total assets of the previous year no less than RMB4 billion yuan or an equivalent amount in convertible currencies, and business revenue of the previous year no less than RMB2 billion yuan or an equivalent amount in convertible currencies. If the entity is a non-bank financial institution, it shall have a registered capital no less than RMB300 million yuan or an equivalent amount in convertible currencies. (2) The investor shall have sound performance and remain profitable for the last three consecutive years. (3) The largest investor shall be an auto enterprise or a non-bank financial institution. The auto enterprise refers to the enterprise that manufactures and sells the whole unit of an automobile. The largest investor refers to the investor with the largest share of capital and its capital contribution accounting for no less than 30 percent of the AFC’s total equity.

It should be noted that in accordance with China’s WTO commitments and the Commercial Bank Law of the People’s Republic of China, the corporate entities referred to as an AFC’s investors do not include local and foreign banking organizations.

Second, a qualified AFC shall meet the following requirements: (1) The AFC’s minimum registered capital shall be paid-in capital and no less than RMB500 million yuan or an equivalent amount in convertible currencies. (2) The AFC shall satisfy the qualifications required by relevant Chinese laws including the Company Law and this Rules. (3) The AFC’s senior managerial personnel shall be familiar with the auto financing and related businesses. (4) The AFC shall have a sound organizational structure, management systems and risk controls. (5) The AFC shall have proper business premises, safety measures and other necessary facilities for operations.

Question :      What are main business lines of an AFC
Answer:  The Rules stipulates that an AFC is permitted to provide all or part of the following lines of business:
(1)  taking deposits with maturity of no less than 3 months from its shareholders in China.
(2)  extending loans for auto purchase;
(3)  extending loans to auto dealers for the purpose of purchasing automobiles or operational facilities (including the show-room construction, purchase of spare parts and equipment repairs);
(4)  transferring and selling auto loan receivables;
(5)  borrowing from financial institutions;
(6)  providing guarantee for auto purchase financing;
(7)  other agency businesses relating to auto purchase financing; and
(8)   Other loan business approved by the CBRC.

In comparison with the AFCs in overseas markets, the AFCs in China face some restrictions on their business scope and are only allowed to engage in the basic business lines permitted to an AFC. This arrangement is made in consideration of the fact that China’s auto financing market is still in its infant stage, and the relevant experience in risk controls and supervision is not sufficient. The omnipotent business cope of the international AFCs is the result of nearly a hundred years’ evolvement and development. As both the market and the industry grow, the CBRC will progressively expand the business scope for an AFC in line with the growing demands and supervisory capability. This gradual approach will help control risks and avoid unsound business behaviors.

Question : What are the supervisory requirements on an AFC?
Answer: The Rules sets out supervisory requirements on an AFC’s market-entry, business management and risk controls, qualifications of senior managerial personnel and measures to control risks. First, with regard to an AFC’s establishment, the Rules specifies the qualifications of investors, the conditions for market entry, and the coverage of application documents. The Rules clarifies that the establishment of an AFC covers the preparation stage and the business commencement stage, while in the preparation stage no auto financing business operations are allowed. The Rules also stipulates that an AFC shall not set up branch or subsidiary. Second, with regard to the supervisory requirements on business management and risk controls of an AFC, the Rules specifies that an AFC is subject to the requirement that the capital adequacy ratio being no less than 10 percent. The Rules also requires an AFC to put in place various business management and risk control systems, and a system of external audit on a regular basis. Third, with regard to the management of senior managerial personnel of an AFC, the Rules requires that the appointment of the senior managerial personnel shall be either subject to the qualification review by the CBRC or filed with the CBRC for record. To be specific, the chairman of the board of directors, general manager and deputy general manager, executive directors, and chief financial officer are subject to the qualification review by the CBRC.

To ensure the effectiveness of supervision and an effective implementation of the Rules, the CBRC will promulgate an Implementation Rules to specify the procedures for an AFC’s establishment, the criteria for monitoring the asset risks, the detailed requirements on business management and qualifications of senior managerial personnel, and other supervisory considerations.

Question : What measures are the public expected to take to enhance their awareness of risk prevention and self-protection?
Answer: The introduction of an AFC as a specialized entity to provide auto financing services is expected to bring to the consumers more convenient services and more financing options for auto purchase, and at the same time helps foster the competition in the automotive financing market. Given the fact that the existing credit system and market disciplines in China need to be further improved, the public should develop risk awareness and a sense of self-protection in obtaining the auto loans. First, the public should guard against illegally founded AFCs or illegal auto financing activities. The Rules specifies that without the authorization of the CBRC, no corporate entity and individual shall set up an AFC, or include the words of “Auto Financing” or “Auto Loan” in the name of a company, or engage in any forms of auto financing activities. Second, the public should guard against any competition behaviors that violate the Rules and other relevant government policies, such as lowering the interest rates without authorization or engaged in unauthorized businesses. This will not only help confine the AFCs to legitimate business operations, but also provide the best protection for the legitimate rights of the public.

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